The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of a computer-aided method called ELVES and video-aided instruction on the development of young students’ ability to comprehend what they listen to and watch. Using the video-aided instructions and computer-aided ELVES method, it also analyses the likelihood of the video-aided instruction method being used with different techniques, and compares the instructional methods involved with levels of student success of three different experimental groups. An analysis of the students’ post-test results shows a considerable difference in favour of the computer-aided ELVES method for achieving the target behaviours.

The purpose of this study is to define an applicable model for organizing human resources, customer expectations, and service quality in recreational activities for local governments.

Sportive recreation is one of the areas that people spend their money on. Health consciousness is the main reason underneath. Government should support such kind of activities. Municipality is the main part of local government. This is the reason that municipalities are the main services provider for public. The local government should provide healthy, reliable, satisfactory, safe recreational activities.

The success of recreation units depends on the skilled stuff who know the wishes, interest and hopes of the society and who have been educated to hold the philosophy, concept and aims of recreation. The purpose is to enable the local governments to be professional institutions about recreational activities and is to establish a certain model. To reach the defined aim; it is to state recreational activities, applied education, to serve tutorial help to the amateur and professional practitioners, to contribute to the organizations like festival, exhibition, exposition, etc., to establish a concept by making practitioners and experts come together.

This study has two purposes. First is to explain possible educational utilization of Web 2.0 tools, namely blogs, wikis, podcasts and social networks, from the point of importance of interaction for distance education. The second purpose of this study is to investigate adoption process of Web 2.0 tools in distance education by defining theories and models which have different construct that effect this process. Because the nature and structure of both distance education and Web 2.0 include multifaceted and dynamic variables, the limitation of utilization from only single diffusion, adoption or acceptance model or theory is underlined and it is proposed to handle a holistic view or using different models and theories suitable for research variables.

The purpose of this study was to study the alienation in educational organizations carefully and to call attention to this subject which was studied insufficiently. Descriptive method was used in the study. The concept of alienation was brought up with philosophical and sociological principals and then common inferences about the educational organizations were made within the help of studies which were about the alienation in educational institutions. Hegel was the first to consider the fact of “alienation” philosophically in his book “Phenomenology of Spirit ”. To Hegel human history is also the history of human being’s becoming alienated to himself. After Hegel, Ludwig Feuerbach considered this fact in his book “Essence of Christianity” in 1841. According to Marx, alienation is a compulsory phase that development of human being must have. Marx emphasizes that in capitalist society which is named as modern society man with his labor in production relations becomes alienated to his labor, then to his social relationships, and finally to himself. In his opinion, man is desired to pull in to the consumption helical that is obstinately insisted as necessity. In this way, consumption and dissatisfaction are two elements which set off and product each other. Alienation is deterioration and decay conceit of human existence’s natural, social, psychological and cultural dimensions. It is human being’s separating from each other and becoming alienated to each other. In this respect, alienation means that man survives by becoming distant to himself, to the product he produces, to his natural, social, psychological and cultural environment but under the control of their dominance and decisiveness. Seeman distinguishes alienation into five; Powerlessness, Meaninglessness, Normlessness, Isolation and self-estrangement. The studies that are made in educational organizations about alienation focus on alienation of teacher and student. There are different approaches in the studies about student’s alienation. Some researches consider that school atmosphere is an important reason for the alienation of youngsters. And they say that this alienating atmosphere creates some aberrational attitudes like suicide, discipline problems and drinking alcohol to excess habitually. Some other researchers believe that the origin of alienation and aberrational attitudes is at home and is related to the environment and that school increases those. Significant relations were found between alienation and anger in some researches. Due to the studies about teachers’ alienation in educational organizations, teachers, generally experience mostly powerlessness, then being isolated and becoming alienation to school. There is a meaningful relation between bureaucratic structure of the school and powerlessness. Besides, the findings that there is less alienation of the teachers who worked over 25 years, attract attention. The meaninglessness, powerlessness levels of primary school teachers are found less than branch teachers and this finding could be understood clearly. There are studies showing that alienation emerges with the effect of environmental factors but through the qualifications of the school and that it increases on the condition of becoming distant from the individual’s participation. In order to manage alienation in the educational organizations, it is necessary to establish pre-warning system, develop policies about alienation, reduce the negatives of bureaucracy, m303anage conflicts, increase motivation, reduce Uncertainty and ensure participation to management.

This study was carried out in order to investigate the nutritional habits level of footballers, considering the different league categories. From Turkey Super League, 2. League category A, 2.League category B, 3.League, 1.Amateur League, 2.Amateur League teams 360 active football players participated in the survey. To determine their the survey form developed by the researcher, benefiting previous scientific studies, consisting of 13 personal information questions, 20 nutritional habits questions; in all 33 questions was applied during the resting time of the athletes after giving explanation by the pollster.

In statistical calculations SPSS (version 14.0) was applied. Data frequency and the percent values were calculated and chi-square test was applied to find out the differences among the teams in different categories. When P value was lower than 0.05, differences among the groups were accepted as significant.

When the questions were asked about their educational background, levels of income, experts preparing their nutrition programs, the relations between nutrition and achievment, CHO loading, meal-skip, smoking and drinking alcohol, fluid intake before the match, the food consumed before the match, taking supplements regularly, the food containing carbohydrate, last meal preferences before the match; among the groups there were siginificant differences at level of p

The aim of this study is to determine adequacy of new 6th Years Elementary Mathematics Curriculum which was introduced in 2006. The determination consisted of attainability of objectives with suitability of patterns to structure of mathematics in the objectives. Experimental design was used in the study. The study carried out from a total of 120 students as experiment (60) and control (60) group. Specially constructed mathematics lessons plans and the selected methods have been applied to the experiment group while the control group does their ordinary works in mathematics. As a result; students’ achievement both in mean success and achievement level in experiment group are higher than the control group. Both groups’ overall successes (0.56 and 0.36) were not satisfactory (=0.75). Thus, it can be said that both groups were not able to attain aimed targets with unconvinced teaching and learning process.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationships different protocols anaerobic performance tests in American football players. 27 American football players from a university team participated in this study voluntarily (age: 23.07±3.45 yrs). For the determination of body composition, subjects height, body weight and skinfold thicknesses were taken and body fat percentage was determined by the Acikada formula (1991). Wingate Anaerobic Power Test (WAnT), squat jump (SJ), counter movement jump (CMJ), repeated-jump and 10-20-30 meter transition (speed) times were used for the determination of anaerobic performance. Results of Pearson Product Moment correlation analysis, WAnT anaerobic power was significantly correlated with anaerobic capacity (r=.394; p

In this paper we focus on the stories of Masnavi in which the children have the main role. The aim is to consider children’s attitudes as the elements of the story. The subjects we are going to work on are as follows: To consider carefully the apparent, spiritual, mental and environmental connections, to identify the static and dynamic character, and the protagonist and antagonist of mentioned children. Rumi has selected child character in 26 stories in Masnavi. All children are described based on gender, name, age and social class. The characters in Masnavi can be divided in two groups as human (men, women, and children) and non-human (God, angels, fairies, animals and etc.) characters.

Almost all of the characters in Rumi’s stories do not have a special name and they are called with words that determine their gender or age. Gender is an important feature in characters especially in babies. Of course spiritual and mental features and the environment where they have been grown are mentioned and the words are coordinated with mental and social levels. Rumi’s skill is consistency between characters and environment. Babies’ character has consistency with their environment. All these factors will show the mature period, and need behaviors. There descriptions help the reader for deep understanding.

Extended Abstract

Rationale of the study: Turkish curricula have been undergoing a massive change since 2005, especially at primary level. The new curricula set forth certain basic skills that every student at primary level needs to acquire; these skills are: critical and creative thinking, communication, questioning, problem solving, use of information communication technologies, initiation and use of Turkish language eloquently. However, research (Bingolbali et al., 2008; Ozmantar et al., 2008) shows that teachers working at this level experience difficulties in teaching such skills to the students. Hence, the need to help teachers for that matter is obvious. Having recognized this need, this study makes use of the notion of social classroom norms proposed by Cobb and his colleagues (Yackel and Cobb, 1996; Cobb et al., 1997) and suggests that teaching students such skills requires the establishment of certain classroom norms in line with the target skills. Classroom norms could be considered as tacit rules shaped by the interactions and dialogues amongst the agents in the classroom. The norms involve how students and teachers view themselves with regard to teaching and learning activities and what kinds of roles are assigned to the members of the classroom. Norms also reflect value judgements and determine what is important in a classroom regarding teaching and learning.

The purpose of the study: This paper aims to demonstrate how the notion of social classroom norms can be used to enable the teachers to get students equipped with the basic skills (e.g. critical thinking and questioning skills) that the new curricula set forth.

Method: This is a qualitative study which involves document analysis. To determine the kind of classroom norms, official documents concerning the new curricula are subjected to the content analysis. Further to this, literature (Cobb et al., 1997; Tsai, 2004 & 2007) on classroom norms is examined and the norms developed and used in classrooms by others are evaluated along with the basic skills. The analyses are carried out independently by each of the authors who determined such norms as they think are necessary for basic skills to develop. The determined norms are later compared and contrasted along with the targeted skills by the curricula. The norms are finalized through the agreement of all the authors and the relations between the determined norms and every each of basic skills are detailed.

Results: The analyses of the official documents and details of the basic skills given in those documents lead to the development of eight classroom norms which, we believe, need to be existent in each and every classroom concerned with teaching the students these skills. The determined norms are as follows:

1. Explanation of the ideas (i.e. solutions, arguments and explanations)
2. Justification of the arguments
3. Sharing the ideas without any fear
4. Making real effort to understand the others’ ideas
5. Stating agreement or disagreement with the ideas shared in the classrooms
6. Stating explicitly what is understood and what is not
7. Developing alternative solutions
8. Questioning the validity of the arguments

These norms are closely related to each other and every one of them needs to be established in the classrooms in order to create an environment in which students find opportunities to gain the basic skills that the new curricula aim. The use and importance of these norms are exemplified through dialogues obtained from Cobb et al’s (1997) study. The dialogues take place in a mathematics class where a teacher tries to establish similar norms as proposed in this study. The dialogues are examined in terms of both the norms and the basic skills in such a way to exemplify the relationships amongst them.

Discussion: The discussion addresses teachers with regard to creating particular classroom cultures through the determined classroom norms and how these norms can be used to help students to obtain the basic skills. It is argued that the new roles that the curricula assign to the teacher and students during the teaching and learning activities require a dramatic change in the classroom interactions and this in turn necessitates the establishment of classroom norms accordingly. This is particularly important given the fact that norms reflect what is valued during the learning and what is expected of students. The paper also discusses the importance of creating awareness for teachers with regard to the importance of classroom norms and suggests designing in-service teacher professional development programs. However, it is pointed out that the duration of such programs and the methods employed to enable teachers to appreciate the significance of these matters are issues of great importance.

The aim of this study is to develop, apply and assess an attitude scale to investigate the social marketing of sport, its effects on the public attitude and the attitude of the society towards sport.

The sample scale consists of 55 attitude statements including 5 dimensions (habit of doing sport regularly, society and sport, media-advertisement and sport, the effect of state and private sectors on sport, sportive education of families and children). The pilot study was carried out with 150 people over 18 who were randomly chosen from different groups in Mugla. In order to gather data, “the Attitude Scale for Social Marketing of Sport” (ASSMS) was developed by the researcher.

KMO test (0,866) was applied to assure the efficacy of the data gathered from the sample. The reliability coefficient which was 0,973 showed that the data had a high level of reliability. Consequently, a scale of 40 items was developed.

The purpose of this study is to develop a decision support model for selecting the most appropriate players in Badminton via Fuzzy Multi Attribute Decision Making (FMADM) algorithm. Developed model has been applied on active Badminton players in age between 9 and 11 among Muðla Province by using the data of player’s physical appropriateness scores and technical observation values in computer environment. In developed model, it has been ensured that using both significant criteria and the weights of criteria make results more sensitive. Finally, it is proved that model’s results are appropriate and consistent.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to develop a attitude scale to determine the healthcare workers’ (nurse,midvifwery and sanitary servant) approach to the domestic violence. Material and Method: The scale articles are prepared by the researcher according to the related literature and by interviewing with the referees who work on this subject. There are totally 31 articles in the item pool. The draft scale with the testing purpose is re-organized with 20 items according to the content analyses of the Content Validity Index (CVI) from referees. In Istanbul, the draft scale is applied to a total of 400 healthcare workers who work in Bakirköy Neurological Disorders Hospital (Ruh ve Sinir Hastaliklari Hastanesi) (n=239), Sisli Etfal (n=80) and Medical Park (n=81).Results: The scale’s Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) coefficient is found 0.79 and Barlett Test significance value is found 0.000. The total item correlations of the scale change between 0.26-0.49 and, their factorial loading change between 0.65-0.32. The Cronbach- alpha reliability number is found as 0.72. As a result of the factorial analysis that is performed, we developed the 4 factor scale which explains 51.227% of the total variance with 13 item in the “Scale of Attitude Toward Domestic Violence” . Conclusion: Analyses show that the scale has acceptable level of effectiveness according to its structural specifications and internal consistency. However the scale has to be applied to people other than the healthcare workers and the reliability and validity studies have to be realized.

Violence is a subject that has gained importance recently. There is closely connection between the actions accepted as a violence in a society and the structure of the society.

Violence is a multidimensional event and it is classified in various forms. Violence can be dealth with by means of different approaches.

The subject watter of the study conduced in Denizli province is violence against women. Thus 593 of 19734 household in 10 neighborhoods were selected as sample of the study.

According to the study done on the violence directed to women in the quarters of central district of Denizli city, there has been violence in almost the half of the people induded in the sample.

In current study, through a meta-analysis of 78 studies, it is aimed to determine the overall effect size for testing at different frequency levels and to find out other study characteristics, related to the effectiveness of frequent testing. 78 studies met the inclusion criteria out of 118 experimental and quasi-experimental studies in the potential study pool and 37 of them were journal articles, 21 doctoral dissertations, 14 master theses, and the rest were ERIC documents and conference papers. The newest study in the pool dated back to the year 2003. After the coding process, Hedges’ d effect size was calculated. The results were analyzed by SPSS and Meta Win. 233 effect sizes were calculated from 78 studies. Studies with similar exam frequency were categorized into three categories: low, medium, and high according to the frequency of the tests used in the study. According to the results, the cumulative mean effect size for 78 studies was .46. The results also indicated that there were not statistically significant differences between the mean effect sizes of the studies examine students at high, medium and low frequency levels. Overall, the findings indicated that frequent testing increases academic achievement. Also, the effectiveness of a set of categorical variables possibly related to the overall effect size for academic achievement is sought through Q statistic.

This study was aimed to investigate the socio-demographic situations, functional capacities and quality of life of the housewifes in Ankara Büyüksehir Belediyesi Demetevler Hanimlar Lokali.

70 women volunters (age 39,4 ± 8,93, height 68,89 ± 8,93, weight 159,5 ± 5,84 ) with stable general health were included into this study. Their quality of life was assessed by World Health Organization’s Turkish version of WHOQOL-BREF scale. Also to understand the physical condition of the women, resting heart rate, blood pressure, flexibility, body fat percentage, aerobic – anaerobic capacity, body weight and body height were assessed. As statistical anlysis of datas, were done by simple correlation analysis (p <0.05) for understand relation between physical capacity and quality of life areas.

At the end of the study, the correlation between physical and psychological areas and body fat percentage were found negative significant (p = 0,05). Also the correlation between physical health and diastolic blood pressure were found significant ( p <0,05).

According to the analysis, the general results of the present study indicated that there was a significant relationship between the physical capacity and quality of life areas, especially body fat percentage.

The purpose of the study done was to determine the nutritional knowledge and habits of male and famale basketball players, and also find out if there is difference between knowledge of nutrition and habits among male and famale basketball players. 50 famale basketball players and 62 male basketball players in total 112 subjects playing in university basketball teams were participated in this study. It’s determined that the average age of the subjects in famales is 21 and in males it is 21.7. it’s also determined that the avarage height’s in famales is 168.38, in males 186.55 the average weight in famales is 57.408, in males is 79.03. The questionnalce including 40 questions were applied to subjects in university group contests. The results of the questianneire were evaluated by using the distribution of pencentages. When their knowledge of nutrition is compared, It’s found out that famales have 25.9 % percentage, males have 36.6 % knowledge. Whether the subjest’s cares for their nutrition or not famales of 16.1 percentage (%) answers that they care and 24.1 percentage (%) answers this question “sometimes” on the other hand in males 27.7 percentage (%) cares and 25 % answers this question with “sometimes” The result of male’s caring more careful when compared with famales about nutrition is found out. When the subjects number of meals are fixied it is found out that % 34.8 of famales eat 3 (times medis) in a day in males this percentage is 44.6 (% 44.6 of males eat 3 times in a day) It’s emerged that generally both famale and male basketballers eat 3 times (meals) in a day, and observed there isnt a noticable difference between. Whether the subject’s have breakfast or not it is fond out that in famales %13.4’s answer is yes % 22.3’s is “sometimes” on the other and for males these values change as % 18.8 subject’s answer is “yes” and % 28.6’s is “sometimes” It’s concluded that the male players give much more importance to brekfast when compared to famales. When is investigated Whether the subject’s have nutrition habits are out of daily order famale players of % 36.6 answered “yes” and % 49.1 of male players answered pasitively (say yes) It’s found out that male and famale players have nutrition habits out of daily order.

The Jewish gymnastic system – „Jüdische Turnbewegung“ - presents one of the smaller gymnastic movements that emerged in Central Europe at the turn of the 19th and 20th century. At first it was backed by the Zionist political activity and arising self-consciousness of the Jewish population in the German speaking parts of Europe. However, with a club in Istanbul being the first only Jewish „turnverein“ ever, the movement had found its supporters also in the eastern regions of Europe and in the Middle East. Before the WWI the Jewish gymnastic club („Maccabi“) in Istanbul had become one of the leading units on the Turkish clubs´ scene involving more than 1000 members and practising many kinds of activities varying from gymnastic shows, lectures on Jewish themes and public parades and trips. This organization proved itself to be a very importent „bi-trigger“ in the unifying Jewish independent movement that won on importance even more after 1918.

This paper aims to determine the effect of computer aided instruction on students’ academic performance in solving Lowest Common Multiple and Greatest Common Factor problems and multiplicative structures. The study was held in the second semester of 2008 for five weeks with a total number of 102 sixth grade students. The research was carried out experimentally and a post test control group design method was used in this experimental study. An academic level test was used at the beginning of the study to compare the existing knowledge of experimental and control groups; and a post test and software developed by the researchers about the topic were used as data collection instruments in this study. The means of scores received in academic success test and post test were analyzed using t-test technique. The results of the study show that the use of computer support in teaching and learning Lowest Common Multiple and Greatest Common Factor problems and multiplicative structures in mathematics lesson may increase students academic success.

In this study, the impacts of modernism and postmodernism on public administration have been comperatively examined. This distinction between modernism and postmodernism also expresses different living and thinking ways in point of perceiving and giving meaning to social life. This situation naturally denotes in the field of administration. While bureaucratic organisations become experienced modernism, post-bureaucratic organisations reflect postmodern life in a way that postmodernism rejects modern viewpoint.

The present study focuses on the comparative examination of the changes that occurred in the physical structures of the cities through the morphological analysis of urban textures in the cases of two Anatolian cities, Konya and Antakya, which have been shaped through the influence of different cultures in historical period.

Within the scope of the study, in identifying the morphological differences, the areas of the two cities that characterize urban pattern features were determined and examined through the analytical analysis method. In these examinations, first, the urban patterns selected from the two cities were compared in terms of numerical values by taking the road areas, green areas and built-up areas as basic indicators. Second, the physical formation and development periods and times of the cities of Antakya and Konya were comparatively evaluated by using aerial photographs, texture map analysis and visual materials such as pictures-photographs. As the result of the study, it was determined that the use of built-up areas, road areas and green areas showed similarities in terms of numerical levels. On the other hand, it was observed that the two cities showed differences in terms of spatial construction and perception. Accordingly, the differences observed in the spatial construction and perceptions of the cities were attributed to their different locational characteristics and to the fact that the cities were shaped through the influence of different cultures in historical period.

Girl children, in addition to the basic education levels of education receive enough space on the top step of the family and community as the importance to be aware there is an issue This study was planned and conducted for the purpose of determining the opinions of 1180 mothers who were different in age, educational and employment status about their daughters' education. Data were analyzed with frequency and percentage tables and Chi-square test. Almost all mothers of daughters (96.2%) is certainly the view of the need for education. More than half (59.1%) of the participants, thought that their daughters were not able to benefit equally from educational opportunities today.

Extended Abstract:

In our society in terms of current child and family training in the first degree is responsible for the child's personality and thus the formation of a cornerstone of defining and children all life will not be deleted on the left track the first gain socialization experience of mothers of children relating to the educating effect is important. By Unicef from 55 countries covering the investigation revealed that one of the clearest findings education of mothers to send their children to school are more likely education level of mothers and children provided education benefits from the increase is effective. Of educated girls as future mothers they send their children to school tend to be too much so that a generation is transferred to another trend with individual training needs of the people and a contribution to society as a whole will grow further.

This research; mother of the girls' opinions about education to identify, age group according to demographic variables such as education and working status of mothers subject to identify similarities and differences of opinion about research based on the data obtained as a result of his mother to do work on this issue may apply to researchers and make suggestions related to planned and was carried out.

The survey method was adopted in this research is a work of descriptive nature. The survey method was adopted in this research is a work of descriptive nature. The universe of the study of Ankara Province Yenimahalle Health Group Presidency where the family lived in the settlement area of the mother is. Families living in the region; upper, middle-upper, middle, lower-middle income relative to the level of the minimum wage and workers' families with the majority of civil servants. Research data collected from the relevant literature by researchers as a result of a survey form was developed. Questions in the questionnaire to participants during the same words in the same direction and are the standard types of questions. This type of question is preferred because the same questions of all participants in the same way to understand, interpret and respond according to their own opinion. Researchers will be given by the participants to answer questions related to direct expression of the formal as Ordinal scale was used. Data was collected as a result of the mother with face-to-face negotiations. Analysis of data obtained from research in the end the frequency and percentage values as well as a test Nonparametrik chi-square statistical technique that is used.

According to the results of study, mothers of almost all (96.2%) of girls' education must necessarily be in the view. Age group, education level and working status are taken into consideration when the mother of the girl child's education must necessarily be of opinion that the rate was found to be high were not in this opinion.The findings relating to the state variables especially education the importance of education level have been revealed once again is important. Because the educational level of parents in this respect different ideas if the parents of the low level of education for the children how important education is to stand on and not comprehend the truth should not be ignored is emphasized. Most half of mothers (84.1%) girls and boys should not be differences of opinion on receive is education. Advanced age groups of children receive the right of girls and boys in education should not be a difference of opinion that the rate is reduced. Increase the level of boys with learning and education will be needed more with the view to reduce the proportion of mothers who are highly educated on this issue between the states that do not have opinions. More than half of mothers (59.1%) today as the girls enjoy equal educational opportunities are not opinions. All three variables in the case of the girl child equal opportunities in education today can not be of opinion that the rate of benefit is determined to be high. Education status of mothers as a result of analysis except on the subject of the other two variables were not effective. Mother of girls' education up to the level required for the distribution of opinions which 67.5% of girls can read up to read level,% 21.4 'nün universities, etc. to complete high school 7.8% of high school in the view of learning required to complete. Nearly half of mothers (41.2%) for girls preferred the view that the teaching profession. Doctor (23.9%), nurses, midwives (11.5%), lawyers, judges (9.4%), civil servants (6.0%) preferred to be of opinion that the monitors.

The purpose of this study; Mugla University of Physical Education and Sports School students to read about books and reading habits of determining section and researching of reading habits differences between each departments.

Research to obtain data about the reading level; developed by Gömleksiz (2004), “love to read opinions on boks” named scale is applied on 62 female to 90 male to 152 students. Evaluation of the data obtained in the program of SPSS frequencies, crosstabs, descriptive statistics, independent groups t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), differences arising from the group to find out which part of the Tukey test were applied.

Configuration study of gender and reading level, according to the results; effect (p =, 023) to (p =, 014) benefits (p =, 002) love (p =, 000) and habits (p =, 000) the significant differences in size were found ; requirements (p =, 286) is found significant differences in the size. (p <0.05)

Part of reading levels between departments according to the results are: request (p =, 000) habit (p =, 001) benefits (p =, 024) love (p =, 046) significant differences in the size was found; requirements (p =, 519) and effect (p =, 140) is found significant differences in the size (p <0.05).

The main aim of this study was to examine the pupil modeling of the legibility of class teachers’ writing on the classroom board. A stylistic quality of writing, legibility is evaluated by criteria such as letter slope, spacing, size, shape and line straightness. The study group included 70 class teachers from 13 primary schools at the city center of Kirsehir. The study was a descriptive situation analysis and data were gathered by the document analysis method. Writing samples were gathered by photographing classroom boards, and then analyzed and evaluated by using legibility criteria. The results showed that while the majority of teachers used cursive and many used manuscript, some teachers used the two types of writing together. Among those who wrote cursive handwriting, almost half had inadequate slope but moderately adequate spacing, size, shape and line straightness. It was also found that writing on a blackboard produced better legible writing than that on a white board.

In this study, which is applied to 37 footballer candidates who attended the summer football school that Galatasaray Sports Club opened in Nigde for the football skill to develop, the effects of a 16-week football skill training on the footballers’ physical, motor, physiological and skill development are examined.

Measurements on the subjects’ heights, weights, aerobic and anaerobic endurances, sit-up and push-up leg strengths, balance, flexibility, kick to 30 meters, slalom with ball, bouncing ball on the head, and bouncing ball on the foot are performed in the study.

When the pre-test and last test values of the 16-week sports training program are compared, it is seen that statistically there is a significant difference between height, anaerobic endurance, and sit-up, push-up, balance and 30 meters values (p<0.01). Statistically, a significant difference of 0.05-level is found in the weight and aerobic strength values.

This research focuses on to carry out a structure, in which the desire of having a high score and seeing the name in the top list is used in web-based drills and helps students to be more willing in test solving. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of web-based drills on motivation and learning in a competitive atmosphere. Furthermore, the study also attempts to determine if the students’ levels and frequency of using a computer have an effect on the test scores in a web based system.

Over a period of two week application students logged in the system using their own passwords and solve questions whenever they wanted. The names and photographs of the students who achieved the best scores were declared on the school’s website.

In the study, an experimental design has been applied. The data were collected through the database in the web-based drill, pre and post survey to determine the level of and the reasons for students’ use of the website and history common exam results. According to the findings of the research, the website that has the competitive atmosphere has a positive effect on students’ achievement in their lessons. The application led to a change in students’ aim to visit the website and the frequency of their visits.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the recreational physical exercise on depression and assertiveness levels of the university students who had never participated in regular physical exercise before. There were 15 male and 15 female totally 30 students in control group and 15 male and 15 female students in exercise group of research. The students in control group carried on their usual life during the research while the students in exercise group participated in a 8 week exercise program including folk dances and step for an hour 3 times a week. The data collecting materials were the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) for depression scores, and the Rathus Assertiveness Inventory (RAI) for the scores of assertiveness. Both Inventories were applied to the control group for 2 times as first and last measurement (at first week before exercise and last week after exercise) and to the exercise group for 3 times as first, mid and last measurement (at first week before exercise, at eighth week after exercise, and last week after exercise). Mean, frequency, percent, standart deviation, t-test, ANOVA, and Tukey HSD Post Hoc tests scores were given in texts, figures, and tables. The results showed that participation in physical exercise in leisure affects the depression and assertiveness levels of students in both sex positively

The purpose of this study is, to determine the peoples’ ideas on the economic, social, cultural and environmental effects of tourism; investigate the altering of these ideas in terms of urban-rural, sex, occupation and level of education. A survey consisting of factual questions and Likert-type was carried out with 76 people who live in Foça district center, Yeni Foca town, New Bagarasi and Gerenköy. In the light of the data obtained, the attitudes towards tourism activities were found to be positive in general, and they do not have significant differences according to living in urban or rural, sex structure and occupation. Only according to the educational status, under the sub-title called “environmental impact” significant differences were found. Retired and graduate degree holder participants are more interested into the cultural change and environmental differentiation in Foça. But the majority of the people are more interested into the economic contribution of the currently developing tourism. As a result, tourism in Foça is still under development. Therefore, the results of our study do not show similarities with the ones done in some centers where tourism has developed.